Basic Electrical Knowledge Part 3

Basic Electricity - Electrical Current

When a difference of potential is applied across a conductor the surplus electrons from the negative source dump electrons into the atoms of the conductor displacing their original atoms which migrate to the next atom and the process is repeated over and over creating a domino effect though the conductor. The opposite is true at the other end of the wire on the positive side. The atoms of the conductor connected to the positive source are being robbed of their electrons so they rob the electron from their neighbor and so on.


This organized flow of electrons is called electric current. Current is measured in how many electrons flow past a given point in one second. The unit of measure is a coulomb per second and is expressed in amps or I. One coulomb is equal to 6.28e18 or 6,280,000,000,000,000,000 electrons. So, one amp is equal to 6,280,000,000,000,000,000 electrons per second.

Basic Electricity Knowledge Part 2

Basic Electricity - Band Theory

The electrons of the atoms orbit in energy levels or bands. As the number of electrons increase through the different elements the bands are filled in a predictable order. The innermost band (band one) is filled first when its full then band two is populated then band three and so on. Band one can hold two electrons. Band two can hold eight electrons. Band three can hold eighteen electrons. Band four can hold eight electrons. I won't go any further. The last band that contains electrons in an atom is called the valance band. The first unfilled level above the
valence band is known as the conduction band. The bands further from the nucleus Have gradually greater energy levels.

Electrons in the valence band do not participate in the conduction process. They have to be in the conduction band. The farther the electron is from the nucleus and the fewer neighbors an electron has in the valance band the smaller the gap is between the valance band and the conductive band. This means less energy is required to move it to the conduction band where it then becomes a free electron and is able to participate in the conduction process. This energy can be room temperature heat. In metals the gap is non existent and the valance band and the conduction band overlap slightly. This means that the valance electrons are constantly meandering between the two bands making them excellent conductors. Insulators, on the other hand, have an energy gap that is far greater than the available energy of the electron. A conductor has sufficient free electrons in the conduction band to allow an electrical current to flow when a potential difference is applied. In an insulator all the electrons lie in the valance band and the energy gap is too large for electrons to occupy available higher energy levels when a potential difference is applied. However if a very high voltage is applied to an insulator the the electrons will be able to bridge the forbidden gap and make it to the conduction band. Effectively making the insulator a conductor. This is called insulation breakdown. A semiconductor is a material whose conductive properties make neither a good conductor nor a good insulator.

Basic Electricity Knowledge Part 1

Here's the first of the first and what better place to start than a basic electricity tutorial. This tutorial will help refresh you on electrical theory for Atoms to AC Circuits. This is a work in progress so, check back soon because there is more too come.


Basic Electricity - Atoms and Electrons

Before we can understand electricity we have to know some things about atoms. At the core of all atoms is the nucleus. The nucleus contains one or more protons and may also contain neutrons. Protons have a positive charged and neutrons have no charge at all. Orbiting around the nucleus is one or more electrons. Electrons have a negative charge and are very small compared to protons and neutrons. The nucleus is very heavy compared to its electrons. As an example we'll look at the simplest of all atoms the hydrogen atom. The hydrogen atom has one proton and one electron. A hydrogen proton has a mass of approximately 1850 times the mass its an electron. Elements are classified by the number of protons they have. This is the atomic number. This is what differentiates the basic elements. For example, If an atom has one proton then its a hydrogen atom, if an atom has two protons then its a helium atom and an atom with three protons would be lithium. Copper has twenty nine protons. The atomic weight is the total number of protons and neutrons an atom contains.

Normally an atom has the same number of electrons as it has protons. When the number of electrons equals the number of protons the atom's total electrical charge is balanced or neutralized. If the atom loses an electron it has more protons than electrons and therefore its total charge is positive. If the atom gains an extra electron it contains more electrons than protons and has an overall negative electrical charge. When an atom has an imbalance of electrons and protons it is said to be ionized. An atom with a positive charge is a called a positive ion. An atom with a negative charge is called negative ion. A positive ion will exhibit an electron attraction while a negative ion will try to lose its extra electron.

HOW TO REPAIR THE TELPHONE

HI FRIENDS I WILL SHOW U THAT HOW U CAN REPAIR YOUE TELEPHONE SO YOU CAN EASILY REPAIR IT YOUR SELF AND SAFE YOUR MONEY AND TIME.

IF THE TELEPHONE KEYPAD IS NOT WORKING.

FIRST OPEN THE TEPLEPHME SCREW WITH THE CORRECT SCREW DRIVER.

THEN CAREFULLY OPEN THE COVER OF PHONE AND CLEAN ALL THE CIRCUT. 

THEN OPEN THE KEYPAD AND WASH THE KEY POINTS AND WASH THE RUBBER PAD WITH WATER AND FOR THE KEYPAD YOU HAVE TO USE "CTC". 

THEN DRY THE CIRCUT AND TURN ALL THE SCREW BACK AND CLOSE THE COVER CAREFULY .

SAVE 80% Electricity

HI FRIENDS I WILL GIVE YOU SOME TIPS ABOUT HOW U CAN SAVE 80% ELECTRICITY AND MONEY ITS REALY VERY EASY.

1. ALLWAYS USE ENERGY SAVERS. 

2. DON'T USE HIGH WATTAGE BULB.

3. DON'T PUTT YOUR DEVICES ON STAND BY.

4. DON,T USE RUSTED DEVICES.

5. DON'T USE ELECTRIC HEATERS AND OVEN  ON PEAK LOAD TIMING (6:00 pm TO 7:00AM).

6. DON'T OVERLOAD THE SOCKET.

7. DON'T USE IRON WIRE IN WIRING. 

8. ALLWAYS USE GOOD COPPER WIRE.

9. DON'T OVERLOAD THE CIRCUT.

10. DON'T USE REPAIR MOTORS.

11. ALLWAYS USE CORRECT WIRING WAYS.

12. ALLWAYS USE ROOF INSULATION.

13. KEEP YOUR AIR CUNDITIONERS ALLWAYS ON 26 C 

14. ALLWAYS KEEP CLEAN YOUR DEVICES.

15.KEEP YOUR EXTRA EQUEPMENTS OFF.

16. DON'T USE HIGH LOAD IRON.

17. KEEP YOUR IRON ON MEDIUM TEMPRATURE.

18. DON'T USE FLORESENT TUBE LIGHTS.

SO DON'T WASTE YOUT TIME AND FOLLOW THESE TIPS AND SAVE YOUR MONEY UPTO 80% EASILY